Final draft animation

Eye's Planet Phenomena final draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Animated contact Sheet

Eye's Planet Phenomena 8th draft (Contact Sheet) from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Contact 2th draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Contact 3rd draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Contact 4th draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Artist Statement

Eye’s planet Phenomenoa

In 2008 I started showing interest in scientific photography and looking at many of the subjects, which are recorded specifically because they have not been observed before, or cannot be observed directly.

I try to envisage how these images can be pleasing to the eye or even inspirational, since they often reflect aspects of the natural world, of science, and of technology that are not easily observed.

I develop my interest in scientific photography after starting a part time job at St Helens hospital as an Ophthalmic Photographer

During my work I have recognized a fascinating visual connection between medical fundus photographs (of the back of the eye) and imagery of Celestial objects such as Jupiter. This interesting visual connection leads me to reflect this similarity through the animation of my photographs by making a short video. Through this I hoped to try to capture the sense of wonder that I feel towards astronomical objects and the intricacies of the human body.

Drawing inspiration from Edward Muybridge’s work studying movement, I hoped to translate some of his innovation and technical approach to photography to the modern world.

6th and 7th draft animation

After more research about planet representation i decided to remake the animation in different perspective drawing influence from the way celestial bodies has been represented in various media particularly images taken from spacecrafts.

Eye's Planet Phenomena 6th draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Eye's Planet Phenomena 7th draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Planet's pictures

"These first raw images are spectacular, and paint an even more fascinating picture of Enceladus," said Bob Pappalardo, Cassini project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "The Cassini teams will be delving into the data to better understand the workings of this bizarre, active moon."

Crescent Earth from the Departing Rosetta Spacecraft

Messier Craters in Stereo

Murcury

Venus

Jupiter

http://apod.nasa.gov

Planet representation!

Un chien andalou

This 1929 silent surrealist film by Luis Bunuel has opening sequence in which a man compares a woman's eye with the moon.

Some manipulation fundus photographs!

Fifth draft animation

The 4th attempt was nearly there, so this 5th version is just an improvement on that:

The sharpness was increased and the contrast curve altered to better bring out the details.

The colours were reworked, trying best to match the colours on a downloaded image of Jupiter .

Jupiter Colour Guide

The Turbulence Displacement type was changed to a twirl effect and increased slightly to better emulate the twists and turns of the clouds of Jupiter, still without destroying the original forms of the images too much.

Another type of warp was added to make the images bulge in the centre as they move across, which further increases the impression of planetary rotation.

The images were layered a little differently over time to provide more interaction and to slow down the transitions without increasing the overall film time too much (it has only increased from 80 to 90 seconds). The sounds were layered slightly differently to accommodate the change in length.

Eye's Planet Phenomena 5th draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Eye and similarity to moon!

Normal Human fundus colour photograph right eye

Right Eye

The Moon

Forth draft animation

I used 7 images for this animation.

Idea: Take all the things that worked from the other drafts while removing all the things that didn't! Also, I wanted to stay 'on message' with the concept, now I understand it a bit better. Most of the techniques used in this video have been used in previous drafts, but in different ways and different configurations.

Form: In the second animation draft where I tried to emulate the forms of the planet, with the spot and the line clouds , didn't work and looked really cheesey. The photographs already have beautiful forms, but they don't have colour or movement, so I decided to add colour and movement to reflect Jupiter, while keeping the forms of the original images.

Colours: After sharpening and applying a contrast curve, the photographs were coloured. The three major colours of Jupiter are beige/brown, white and dark red. The colourless photographs were recoloured to match those: first, the whole thing is 'colourized' to beige/brown; the high-luminance parts were then recoloured using 'Change to Color' to make them white and washed out (I also slightly changed the hue to a purple that seemed to fit well at the edges of the spots). Likewise, the very dark parts were recoloured to red.

Movement: Each photograph moves slowly horizontally in the frame, behind the circular clipping mask, to emulate planetary rotation. A subtle liquid effect is applied to give the surface forms a little bit of movement, like rolling storm clouds--the effect used was 'turbulence displacement', set to warp only vertically. Each image layer is staggered over time and the opacity animated, just like in all the other videos; however, the blending mode was change to 'Exclusive' (instead of 'Screen') so the images interact with each other in more interesting ways during the transitions.

Sound: The animation is about 1min and 20sec long.The original sound from NASA is only 45 sec. I asked one of my friend who is an Electronic music composer to make it one long sound that matches the video length and positioned so the intense parts of the sound match the intense parts of the video (large white sections).

The Jupiter sound wav file from the NASA website was looped and crossfaded (i.e., the end of one loop blends into the beginning of the next loop) .

Eye's Planet Phenomenon 4th draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Third draft animation

I used 14 images of right eye for this animation!

After the feed back I received from my tutor and the other students over the second draft I decided to experiment further and use some of the effect in a slightly more subtle way rather than force the eye to look like Jupiter.

Eye's Planet Phenomenon third draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

Second draft animation

These are the images I used to make this video,I picked these images from the same series for number of reasons:visually they show the noticeable change in eyes during the angiograms procedure , from the making animation point of view they had a strong dark dot and also these ones seemed crisp.

What I did to make this video:

• Layered the four images on top using the 'Screen' method of blending (just like you might in Photoshop)
• Animated the 'opacity' of each so that they fade in and out of each other

[An 'adjustment layer', in case you've never used one in photoshop, lets you apply one or more effects to every layer below it, without having to apply it to every layer or merge the layers to one image first]

• Added an adjustment layer with a colorize effect to make the light- and mid-tones brown, and another to make the dark tones red. Then I animated it to increase teh colorization over the course of the video.
• Added an adjustment layer to 'warp' the video, to emulate the movement of clouds on the surface. The bands were done by manual smearing, and the effect around the dot was done using the 'twirl' effect. Both were animated over time, like above.
• More adjustment layers were added to alter the hue and lightness, using masks to isolate areas and create the bands of white and red. Again, this was animated to fade in.
• Finally, the image was cropped into a circle using a black solid and an inverted mask.

Here are some the screen shots and diffrent things that i did in the second draft:
Warping: The movements of Jupiter's clouds was drawn manually using a mouse and the distortion amount increases over time. The twirl effect was added at the eye. Both move around a little to best fit the current photograph.

Main Colouring: The grey images are recoloured using the 'change to color' effect to make it brown and red.

Colour Bars: The rings of the clouds were added by adjusting the hue and saturation of selected portions of the video.

Format type:

I rendered the video to the uncompressed format first to keep the highest possible quality although This gives maximum quality, but the file size is huge so I have to change the file to the a compressed video, instead of storing every frame as a fresh image, just stores the differences between frames and does a bit of clever manipulation to reduce the file size at the expense of detail where changes are subtle A MOV file is actually a 'shell' for a video. Most kind of video formats can be put into a MOV shell. The codec I used to compress this one is called H.264.

Eye's planet Phenomenon second draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

First draft animation!

This was the first experimental draft animation .I used 32 images mixed right and left eye.

The idea was to reveal each picture in the direction of the veins but the circular mask and the speed of the reveals made it look like the slide show and made too long a video even with the short transitions.For the next draft i am going to use fewer images with slower transition and adding some effect to make it more in line with the concept,particularly colours.
Here are some of the screenshot from the first draft animation:

• This image shows how i created the circle from a solid layer and the mask:

• This image shows the photographs staggered over time:

• This image shows how I animated the size of the mask to reveal each new photograph:

• This image is the finish product before the rendering(to view the final product as a movie file can be play on computer/or burn on to the DVD ):

Following one of my friend's advice I decided to upload my video's on to Vimeo which allowed me to embed them on my blog to show the animation progress:

Eye's planet phenomenon first draft from Arezoo niknafs on Vimeo.

3D images!

Ready put your glasses on to see th effect:

Require Red-Cyan glasses to see the 3D/anaglyph effect :





Stereo viewer require to see the 3D/Stereo effect:

John William Draper

John William Draper(1811-1822) was a scientist born in St Helens Merseyside and immigrated to USA . He became a chemistry professor in New York university. Most of his work was done in the field of photochemistry.He was one of the first scientists to use Daguerre's new invention of photography.

In March 1840, he presented the Lyceum of natural history in New York with the first representation of the moon's surface ever taken by photography in high quality by John William Draper.The silver platinum plate (Daguerreotype print) of the moon was,the first of

a series that where shot using a telescope. This series was later presented at the Science Academy.He was also the first to shoot portrait in America.

He made it the subject of special study, and was the first person in the world to apply it to individuals. "The first photographic portrait from life was made by me," he says, and "the face of the sitter," his sister Catherine

In 1872 he photographed the spectrum of a Lyrae (Vega), showing dark lines, a result then unique in science, and in 1873 the finest photograph of the diffraction spectrum ever made.

The First photo of the moon 1839

http://www.famousamericans.net/johnwilliamdraper/

http://www.fotoart.gr/photography/history/historyphotos/onephotoonestory/thefirstphotoofthemoon.htm

Pictures and diagrams

There are eight planets in our solar system :the so-called inner planets of Mercury,Venus,Earth,and Mars.Further away from the Sun are the gas giants Jupiter,Saturn Uranus and Neptune. The moon is the fifth largest satellite and also the only natural satellite in the Solar System.

Most of the patients who I photograph after looking at the fundus photograph of eye mentioning the similarity of the mages with the Moon!Few weeks ago I saw an article in Guardian Newspaper about astronomy! I scan this photo from the paper.The more I look at the Imagery of Celestial objects, the better I can recognize their fascinating visual connection with medical fundus photographs .

Jupiter

Scars from the crash of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 appear on Jupiter's surface as a series of maroon blotches in this photo. The comet broke into 21 pieces before it hit Jupiter in 1994. Image credit: Hubble Space Telescope Comet Team and NASA



Ganymede, a moon of Jupiter, has craters and cracks on its surface. Asteroids and comets that hit Ganymede made the craters. The cracks are due to expansion and contraction of the surface. Image credit: NASA



The planet Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a huge mass of swirling gas. At its widest, it is about three times the diameter of the Earth. Image credit: NASA



The layers of dense clouds around Jupiter appear in a photograph of the planet taken by the Voyager 1 space probe. The large, oval-shaped mark on the clouds is the Great Red Spot. The spot is believed to be an intense atmospheric disturbance. Image credit: Jet Propulsion Laboratory



Callisto, a moon of Jupiter, is covered with craters produced when asteroids and comets struck its icy surface. Beneath the surface may be an ocean of salty liquid water. Image credit: NASA

http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/jupiter_worldbook.html

our universe is not silence!

From an original CD: JUPITER NASA-VOYAGER SPACE SOUNDS (1990) BRAIN/MIND Research
Fascinating recording of Jupiter sounds (electromagnetic "voices") by NASA-Voyager. The complex interactions of charged electromagnetic particles from the solar wind , planetary magnetosphere etc. create vibration "soundscapes". It sounds very interesting, even scary.
Jupiter is mostly composed of hydrogen and helium. The entire planet is made of gas, with no solid surface under the atmosphere. The pressures and temperatures deep in Jupiter are so high that gases form a gradual transition into liquids which are gradually compressed into a metallic "plasma" in which the molecules have been stripped of their outer electrons. The winds of Jupiter are a thousand metres per second relative to the rotating interior. Jupiter's magnetic field is four thousand times stronger than Earth's, and is tipped by 11° degrees of axis spin. This causes the magnetic field to wobble, which has a profound effect on trapped electronically charged particles. This plasma of charged particles is accelerated beyond the magnetosphere of Jupiter to speeds of tens of thousands of kilometres per second. It is these magnetic particle vibrations which generate some of the sound you hear on this recording.
Sounds like a giant metal!
http://www.inner-net.com/bmr/wsounds/jupiter.wav

Each planet has its own classically composed theme.

Ophthalmic photography history

Ophthalmic photography is a specific branch of scientific and medical photography that deals exclusively with eyes and related parts.this field in photography depends of anatomy and physiology of eyes as much as technique and technology in photography.
Modern imaging of the retina began in 1886 with Jackman and Webster who produced the first human retinal photographs in vivo. Many other contributions were made over the next 50+ years until two medical students (Novotny and Davis) at Indiana University
The first study of human Fluorescein radiograms happened in the late 1950s.

Dr. Harold Novotny a senior medical student began to think about passing some kind of dye through the system to determine saturation levels. It was thought that the observation of fluorescence might make it easier to make that determination, and sodium fluorescein was one of the dyes used.

Dr Novotny with his colleague Dr Alvis began performing fluorescein studies on diabetic patients, and individuals with hypertension. For the first time their work got rejected afterThey submitted their work to the American Journal of Ophthalmology in 1960, because of similar work with cinematography published by Dr. Milton Flocks and co-workers.They presented their technique for photographing fluorescence at the Association for Research in Ophthalmology on April 23, 1960, and after that an abstarct of their work was published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology in July, 1960. In July of 1961, the first published description of the technique appeared in Circulation.

http://www.opsweb.org/OpPhoto/Angio/FirstFA/FirstFA.html

Mythology fo eye, representations in art

The Eye of Horus: http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/eye.html

Creation stories: http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab83

India: "In an early story Purusha is a primal man sacrificed by the gods as the act of creation. The sky comes from his head, the earth from his feet, the sun from his eye and the moon from his mind."

China: "After all this effort P'an Ku falls to pieces. His limbs become the mountains, his blood the rivers, his breath the wind and his voice the thunder. His two eyes are the sun and the moon. The parasites on his body are mankind."

Suns and Planets in Neolithic Rock Art: http://www.maverickscience.com/arch-sun-planets.htm [Not sure this is useful, looks a bit 'whacky' to me]

Bosch, 'Saint John The Baptist on Patmos'. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John_the_Evangelist_on_Patmos

front of the image

back of the image

It looks to me like the reverse of the painting expands the colour and circular motif of the moon from the front and turns it into teh pupil of an eye. God's eye

Democritus,400BC,Ocular anatomy

Retinal imaging has evolved through many years. However, there are certain sentinel landmarks which have changed the way we view and understand the retina forever. The earliest of these occurred 400 years B.C. when Democritus first proposed the construction of the eye as a hollow tube connected to the brain .

Figure 1. Illustrations by Democritus (400 BC) on the left and Celsus on the right (from Duke-Elder, 1961).

Four hundred years later Celsus advanced the understanding of the ocular system to include a lens, the anterior chamber, and a vitreous .

http://www.ophthalmologyweb.com/FeaturedArticle.aspx?spid=23&aid=318

"Democntus explains sight by the visual image, which he describes in a peculiar way; the visual image does not arise directly in the pupil, but the air between the eye and the object of sight is contracted and stamped by the object seen and the seer; for from everything there is always a sort of effluence proceeding. So this air, which is solid and variously colored, appears in the eye, which is moist ; the eye does not admit the dense part, but the moist passes through." - http://www.aquinasonline.com/Magee/democritus.htm

"Vision works by the eye receiving "images" or "effluences" that are emanated by bodies." - http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Democritus

The History of medical illustration

The Egyptians pictured their civilisation on papyrus rolls and sculptured reliefs and produced the world's first surgical textbook around the time of Tutankhamen-1700BC.It describes in detail 48 cases of battle wounds and their treatments.

the Greek artists,like the Egyptians used everyday themes in their decorative arts and most aspects of their culture and medicine can be found in painting on their black figure pottery.dating from 400BC

After the fall of Roman Empire civilisation slipped into the Dark Ages. Christaniaty emphasis on the soul and not the body,medical investigation virtually stopped.

Until the 14th century medicine was taught exclusively on the text of Galen who had died 1100 years before. because his work was approved by church.

Universities were growing fast in the 14th and 15th century.Leonardo de vinci's approach to anatomy was the beginning of modern scientific method,with controlled investigation,detailed recording and accurate illustration of finding.( more explanation in one of my earlier post)

Illustration has been an important feature of medical documentation since the time of Vesalius and thus has a long history. However, the first application of photography to medicine appears in 1840, when Alfred Donné of Paris photographed sections of bones, teeth, and red blood cells using an instrument called the microscope-daguerreotype. Conventional medical photography apparently began in France when J. G. F. Baillarger photographed cretins (1851), which was followed by a Dr. Behrendt of Berlin photographing his orthopedic cases in 1852, and in the same year by Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond photographing mental patients at the Surrey County Asylum in England.

When E. J. Muybridge synthesized motion studies (chronophotog-raphy) of humans and animals (1877–1893) a new area in medical photography occurred, which greatly stimulated other investigators in medical photography, and the French physician Étienne-Jules Marey endeavored to analyze human and animal motion by serial photographic studies (1882) and devised a chronophotographic apparatus and projector (1890), which was the forerunner of the modern motion-picture camera. By the turn of the century, applications were too numerous to mention, but in 1927 R. P. Loveland made a medical teaching film using cinephot-omicrography, demonstrating the life history of the yellow fever mosquito, and in 1929 F. Neumann in Germany made a time-lapse film of living bacteria.

The first medical publications illustrated with photographs were Album de Photographies Pathologiques and Mecanisme de la Physiologie Humaine (1862) by G. B. Duchenne, the founder of electrotherapy. The Photographic Review of Medicine and Surgery (1870), by F. F. Muary and L.A. Duhring, was the first medical journal illustrated with photographs. Albert Londe in 1888 published a book, La Photographie Moderne , containing information on medical photography and also the first book specifically devoted to medical photography, La Photographie Medicale in 1893.

Journal of Audiovisual media in medicine 1986,9,44-49 printed in Great Britain

http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/1156/Medical-Photography.html